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维他命@母乳喂养宝宝应该补充维他命或氟化物吗？( 二 )


出生缺陷
exposure to lead
铅暴露
the replacement of human milk with foods low in calcium or foods that reduce calcium absorption
用低钙食物或减少钙吸收的食物代替母乳
铁
Iron
According to THE BREASTFEEDING ANSWER BOOK, published by LLLI, the iron in human milk is better absorbed by your baby than is the iron in cow‘‘s milk or iron-fortified formula. This means that the quantity of iron in human milk is appropriate for baby instead of the larger quantity in cow‘‘s milk. The full-term healthy baby usually has no need of additional iron until about the middle of his first year, around the time he starts taking solids. The high lactose and vitamin C levels in human milk aid the absorption of iron, and breastfed babies do not lose iron through their bowels.
根据“母乳喂养问答”一书 ， 与牛奶和高铁配方奶粉相比 ， 母乳中的铁能更好地被宝宝吸收 ， 也就是说 ， 母乳中铁的含量最适合宝宝的需求 ， 而不是牛奶中大量的铁 。 足月健康的宝宝在0-6月内 ， 添加固体辅食之前 ， 通常不需要补充额外的铁 。 母乳中含量很高的乳糖和维生素C水平有助于铁的吸收 ， 母乳喂养的宝宝不会通过其排便失去铁 。
If there is concern about the baby‘‘s iron levels, a simple hemoglobin test can be done in the doctor‘‘s office. If necessary, it is easy to offer the baby foods which are naturally rich in iron. However, iron drops and iron-fortified foods sometimes cause digestive upsets when given to babies and can actually reduce the efficiency of iron absorption.
如果担心宝宝缺铁 ， 只要到医院做个简单的血红蛋白测试就可以了 。 如果必要 ， 给宝宝提供天然的富含铁的食物也很容易 。 但含铁滴液和铁强化食品有时会导致宝宝消化系统紊乱 ， 也会降低铁的吸收功效 。
Women are often advised to continue to take prenatal vitamins as long as they are breastfeeding and these vitamins often include a large dose of iron. The iron levels in a mother‘‘s milk are not affected by the amount of iron in her diet or by iron supplements she may take.
人们往往建议妇女在母乳喂养时期继续服用产前服用的维生素 ， 这些维生素往往含大剂量的铁 。 然而母乳中铁的含量不受她从饮食中或铁补充剂中获得的铁含量的影响 。
氟化物
Fluoride
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommended in its 1997 policy statement that babies younger than six months should NOT receive fluoride supplements and that babies older than six months receive supplements only if they live in an area where the drinking water contains less than 0.3 ppm of fluoride. Fluoride supplements tend to contribute to excess intestinal gas (wind).
美国儿科医师学会在其1997年的声明中建议 ， 不超过6个月大的宝宝不应该补充氟化物 。 超过6个月大的宝宝只在特定情况下补充氟化物 ， 即其生活饮用水中氟化物含量少于0.3ppm时 。 氟化物的补充往往导致产生过多的肠道气体 。
维他命 B12
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 supplements are strongly recommended for mothers who adhere to vegetarian diets that include no animal products, such as vegan and macrobiotic diets. Such diets can lead to a vitamin B12 deficiency in mother and/or baby because this vitamin is primarily available from animal protein. Symptoms of Vitamin B12 deficiency may include loss of appetite, regression in motor development, lethargy, muscle atrophy, vomiting, blood abnormalities and neurological problems. If caught early enough, treatment with vitamin supplements can completely resolve these symptoms.


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