#太平洋电脑网#什么鬼:我们已知的最怪异恒星的故事( 三 )


这就是在2009年早些时候他们注意到的第一次亮度干扰 。 在几个星期之后 , KIC8462852的亮度减弱持续了几乎整整一周 。 Boyajian和Fischer花了几天时间研究数据浏览数字 , 但仍不能解释KIC8462852的表现 。 仪器工作正常 , 计算机工作正常 , 数据清楚 。 亮度减弱的确存在——但无法解释 。 不仅亮度减弱的超长周期显得非常奇怪 , 亮度减弱的方式也非常奇怪 。
When a planet passes in front of a star,because of its near spherical shape, it creates a symmetric dip as it crossesagainst the disc of the star. The way the brightness dropped on a graph wasalso the way it picked up (see image below).
当一颗行星掠过恒星表面时 , 其类似球形的形状会引起对称的亮度变化 。 在统计图上显示的亮度减弱模式应该跟亮度恢复模式一致 。
Credit: NASA/Kepler Mission
But the dips Kepler spotted with 8462852were asymmetric.
但是开普勒望远镜观察到8462852的亮度减弱模式却是不对称的 。
Credit: T. Boyajianthe ice on them absorbs the heat and sublimates into space. Asimprobable as it sounds, this was the only idea that couldn’t be knocked downright away.
Boyajian及其团队的论文总结出了可能最容易被接受的说法:一大队彗星经过恒星表面 。 但这也不太可能:如果要引起天文学家观察到的塔比星级别的亮度干扰 , 这队大彗星必须得像蝗虫群一样密集 。 如果这样的彗星群存在 , 那它们必须得是一颗100公里直径的岩石一次性爆裂形成的 。 彗星在红外照片中也不会发光 , 因为热量会被其中的冰块吸收并挥发到宇宙中 。 就像听起来那么奇怪 , 这个说法是最不会被马上驳倒的 。
However, none of these ideas – as trustingas they were in natural explanations – caught the public imagination as much astwo words that emerged in a conversation between Boyajian and an astronomer atPennsylvania State University a year earlier.
然而 , 这些说法中没有一个——像它们试图从自然角度解释的说服力一样——比Boyajian和宾夕法尼亚州立大学的一名天文学家在一次谈话中提及的一个词那样引起公众注意 。
What a Dyson bubble would look like.Credit: capnhack/Wikispaces, CC BY-SA 3.0
戴森泡可能的样子 。 图片版权:capnhack/Wikispaces, CC BY-SA3.0
One of the things we look for when we lookfor intelligent civilisations out there is a synthetic sign of their presence.We look for things they might’ve built or signals their machines might’veemitted. We assume that if there are aliens out there, they’ve been around forlonger than we have and lead more sophisticated lives. We think they might’veexhausted all the fuel available on their planet and are now looking elsewhere.For such a guzzler of a civilisation, what better power source to focus on thanan entire star?
当我们寻找地外文明时 , 我们要注意的一个证据就是他们存在的综合征兆 。 我们寻找他们可能建造的物体 , 或者他们的机器可能发射出的信号 。 我们假设 , 如果有外星人存在 , 他们会比我们存在得更久 , 并且有更复杂的生活方式 。 我们设想他们可能耗尽了母星上的所有燃料并开始到别处寻找资源 。 对于这样一个胃口巨大的文明 , 有什么能量来源比得上一整颗恒星?
In a paper published in 1960, the physicistFreeman Dyson described a megastructure since called a Dyson sphere. It wouldbe a supermassive shell built around a star, its insides lined with solarpanels and other devices. All the energy that the star had to give, the spherewould devour. At various stages of construction, this megastructure would belike a ring equipped with living areas and power stations, then a ‘bubble’ inthe form of multiple rings, and then the sphere itself.


推荐阅读