pip常用命令总结 _pip

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当使用Python/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>Python进行开发时，pip是一个非常有用的包管理工具，它可以帮助我们方便地安装、升级和管理Python包。本文将介绍一些常用的pip命令，以帮助您更好地使用pip 。

查看帮助文档

运行pip --help运行这个命令将帮助我们更好地了解pip的使用，pip命令的参数会完整展示出来，如下：
pip --help
Usage:
pip <command> [options]
Commands:
install Install packages.
download Download packages.
uninstall Uninstall packages.
freeze Output installed packages in requirements format.
inspect Inspect the python environment.
list List installed packages.
show Show information about installed packages.
check Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
config Manage local and global configuration.
search Search PyPI for packages.
cache Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.
index Inspect information avAIlable from package indexes.
wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
hash Compute hashes of package archives.
completion A helper command used for command completion.
debug Show information useful for debugging.
help Show help for commands.
General Options:
-h, --help Show help.
--debug Let unhandled exceptions propagate outside the main subroutine, instead of logging them
to stderr.
--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
--require-virtualenv Allow pip to only run in a virtual environment; exit with an error otherwise.
-v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
-V, --version Show version and exit.
-q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to
WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
--log <path> Path to a verbose Appending log.
--no-input Disable prompting for input.
--proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form scheme://[user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
--timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup,
(a)bort.
--tRusted-host <hostname> Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any
HTTPS.
--cert <path> Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. If provided, overrides the default. See 'SSL
Certificate Verification' in pip documentation for more information.
--client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the
certificate in PEM format.
--cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>.
--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.
--disable-pip-version-check
Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for
download. Implied with --no-index.
--no-color Suppress colored output.
--no-python-version-warning
Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
--use-feature <feature> Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
--use-deprecated <feature> Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.

查看版本

pip --version # python2.x命令
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pip3 --version # python3.x命令

升级pip版本

我们在安装第三方库时，有时会提醒我们要对pip进行更新，下面的命令就可以升级pip命令，命令如下：
pip install -U pip

查看已经安装的库

pip list
# 查找某个具体的库
pip list | grep 库名 # mac系统或者linux系统
pip list | findstr 库名 # windows系统
安装第三方库
安装第三方库需要运行pip install 这一条命令，下面是安装库名的几条具体命令：
pip install [options] <requirement specifier> [package-index-options] ...
pip install [options] -r <requirements file> [package-index-options] ...
pip install [options] [-e] <vcs project url> ...
pip install [options] [-e] <local project path> ...
【pip常用命令总结】pip install [options] <archive url/path> ...
直接安装
直接运行pip install [options] [package-index-options] 这一条命令，即可安装自己想要的库，示例如下：
pip install selenium
指定版本安装
有时候我们需要指定安装库的版本，所以我们就需要在命令中加上版本限制