python的Django的DTL模板示例讲解 _python

一、DTL讲解：
1、DTL模板是一种带有特殊语法的html文件，这个HTML文件可以被Django编译，可以传递参数进去，实现数据动态化。在编译完成后，生成一个普通的HTML文件，然后发送给客户端。
2、在Django里通常在views.py文件中会定义视图函数，同时需要导入对应的库，导入库的命令通常是from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse
其中上面一个render，中文名就是渲染的意思，也就是在views.py文件里定义的方法，会通过return render(request,'index.html',context=context)这样的方式将index.html文件进行渲染。index.html里会调用视图文件views.py里定义的变量，定义的方法和定义的属性。

二、示例讲解：
下面代码是对DTL的for,with等的讲解。
1、首先要创建项目和创建App，进入文件目录“E:ITPythonPYTHON试验”里，在地址栏输入cmd,进入cmd命令提示符环境下依次输入以下命令：
django-admin startproject demo08
cd demo08
python manage.py startapp books

相当于创建了一个demo08项目，在项目下创建了一个books的app，代码图示例如下：

文章插图

2、进入pycharm，打开E:ITPYthonPYTHONdemo08这个文件夹。
①先设置项目目录下E:ITPYthonPYTHON试验demo08demo08settings.py的代码，代码设置如下：

"""Django settings for demo08 project.Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.2.1.For more information on this file, seehttps://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/settings/For the full list of settings and their values, seehttps://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/"""import os# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/deployment/checklist/# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!SECRET_KEY = '@f%my2rhwsou3p9%8xr1^r)#7j1d=c)!6(%8yk$7rehy-rh%=^'# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!DEBUG = TrueALLOWED_HOSTS = []# Application definitionINSTALLED_APPS = ['django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','books',#需将app名称存入]MIDDLEWARE = ['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware','django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware','django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware','django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware','django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware','django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware','django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',]ROOT_URLCONF = 'demo08.urls'TEMPLATES = [{'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates','DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')],#设置静态文件存放目录'APP_DIRS': True,#为True代表在设置的上面一行DIRS里如果找不到静态文件的话，会自动去app目录下寻找静态文件'OPTIONS': {'context_processors': ['django.template.context_processors.debug','django.template.context_processors.request','django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth','django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',],},},]WSGI_APPLICATION = 'demo08.wsgi.application'# Database# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#databasesDATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3','NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),}}# Password validation# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validatorsAUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',},{'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',},]# Internationalization# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/i18n/LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'#设置中文语言TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'#设置上海时区USE_I18N = TrueUSE_L10N = TrueUSE_TZ = True# Static files (css, JAVAScript, Images)# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/static-files/STATIC_URL = '/static/'

真正需要设置的只有4行，分别是
①在INSTALLED_APPS里添加app文件名，即'books',