「物理」《自然》(20200430出版)一周论文导读( 二 )
Exploring dynamical phase transitions with cold atoms in an optical cavity
光腔中冷原子的动态相变
▲ 作者:Juan A. Muniz, Diego Barberena, Robert J. Lewis-Swan, Dylan J. Young, Julia R. K. Cline, Ana Maria Rey & James K. Thompson
▲ 链接:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2224-x
▲ 摘要
光腔中原子和光的相互作用为研究受控环境下的集体(多体)量子物理提供了一种手段 。
作者在一个光学腔中使用大约一百万个锶-88原子的集合来模拟一个集体Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick(LMG)模型 , 这是量子磁性的一个标志性模型 , 并报告了在这个系统中观察到的不同的物质动力学阶段 。 该系统允许作者探索动态相变对系统大小、初始状态和其他参数的依赖关系 。
这些观测结果可以与相关系统中类似的动力学相联系起来 , 包括超流氦中的约瑟夫森效应 , 或原子与固体耦合的极化激元凝聚 。 该系统本身提供了在光学跃迁中产生在计量上有用的纠缠态的可能性 , 这可能允许在最先进的原子钟中进行量子增强 。
▲ Abstract
Interactions between atoms and light in optical cavities provide a means of investigating collective (many-body) quantum physics in controlled environments. Here, we use an ensemble of about a million strontium-88 atoms in an optical cavity to simulate a collective Lipkin–Meshkov–Glick model, an iconic model in quantum magnetism, and report the observation of distinct dynamical phases of matter in this system. Our system allows us to probe the dependence of dynamical phase transitions on system size, initial state and other parameters. These observations can be linked to similar dynamical phases in related systems, including the Josephson effect in superfluid helium, or coupled atomic and solid-state polariton condensates. The system itself offers potential for generation of metrologically useful entangled states in optical transitions, which could permit quantum enhancement in state-of-the-art atomic clocks.
医学Medicine
An open-source drug discovery platform enables ultra-large virtual screens
开源药物发现平台可实现超大虚拟试验
▲ 作者:Christoph Gorgulla, Andras Boeszoermenyi, Zi-Fu Wang, Haribabu Arthanari, etc.
▲ 链接:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2117-z
▲ 摘要
目前 , 批准一种药物的平均成本为20亿~ 30亿美元 , 研发时间超过10年 。 在某种程度上 , 这是由于临床(前)阶段昂贵和耗时的湿实验、糟糕的初始对应化合物和高磨耗率 。
作者描述了高度自动化和通用的开源平台VirtualFlow , 它具有完美的缩放行为 , 能够有效地筛选超大型化合物库 。 VirtualFlow能够使用各种最强大的扩展程序 。
通过使用VirtualFlow , 作者准备了一个最大且免费可用的现成的配体库 , 其中有超过14亿个商业可用的分子 。 为了证明VirtualFlow的强大功能 , 作者筛选了超过10亿个化合物 , 并识别出一组结构多样的分子 , 它们与亚微摩尔亲和力的KEAP1结合 。
【「物理」《自然》(20200430出版)一周论文导读】其中一种先导抑制剂与纳米级亲和的KEAP1结合 , 干扰KEAP1与转录因子NRF2之间的相互作用 。 这说明了VirtualFlow的潜力 , 它可以访问化学空间的广大区域 , 并识别与目标蛋白具有高亲和力的分子 。
▲ Abstract
On average, an approved drug currently costs US$2–3 billion and takes more than 10 years to develop. In part, this is due to expensive and time-consuming wet-laboratory experiments, poor initial hit compounds and the high attrition rates in the (pre-)clinical phases. Here we describe VirtualFlow, a highly automated and versatile open-source platform with perfect scaling behaviour that is able to prepare and efficiently screen ultra-large libraries of compounds. VirtualFlow is able to use a variety of the most powerful docking programs. Using VirtualFlow, we prepared one of the largest and freely available ready-to-dock ligand libraries, with more than 1.4 billion commercially available molecules. To demonstrate the power of VirtualFlow, we screened more than 1 billion compounds and identified a set of structurally diverse molecules that bind to KEAP1 with submicromolar affinity. One of the lead inhibitors engages KEAP1 with nanomolar affinity and disrupts the interaction between KEAP1 and the transcription factor NRF2. This illustrates the potential of VirtualFlow to access vast regions of the chemical space and identify molecules that bind with high affinity to target proteins.
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