经济日报@拯救地球三件事社会|energy

我们可以拯救地球吗？答案是肯定的，不过是在一些大的“假设”之下，而其中有三件事是我们必需要做的。请看详细报道↓↓↓

最近，在13家同行业组织共同发布的研究报告表明，可持续发展方面的科学为我们建立一个更可持续、充满希望的未来指明了一条更好的道路。

In recent, published research from The 13 peer organizations,science points us to a better pathfor building a more sustainable, more hopeful future for the Earth.

只要遵循科学的道路，在遏制气候变化的同时，为全球发展持续提供能源，构建一个人与自然共同发展的未来。

A future in which catastrophic climate change is kept at bay while westill power our developing world.

在为全球100亿人，提供充足的粮食、更清洁的饮用水的同时，保护我们赖以生存的陆地、湖泊和河流。

A future in which we can feed 10 billion people worldwide and provide cleaner, more abundant drinking water while also protecting life-giving lands, lakes and rivers.

保护生物多样性的同时，也让我们的城市因与自然紧密连接而更美好。

A future in which nature’s wild heart still beats strong through healthy wildlife and magnificent landscapes while our cities are strengthened by harmony with nature.

必须立即采取措施，行动起来。在下个十年结束之前，摒弃旧的发展模式，大胆地推进自然保护，尤其是在以下三个方面——改进农业发展模式，停止过度捕捞，增加清洁能源的使用。

Urgent action is needed. Here are three top ways we need to up-end ‘business as usual’ in the next decade and act boldly to advance conservation：Fix Agriculture、Stop Overfishing and Ramp Up Clean Energy.

No.1

在更少的土地上产出更多的食物

Produce More Food On Less Land

目前，大规模地发展农业是土地使用方式转换的最大源头，大量开垦农业用地导致大面积的森林被砍伐，也加剧了气候变化。

Today's version of large-scale agriculture is the biggest source of land conversion, drives deforestation that worsens climate change.

而且，农业还消耗了全球70%的淡水资源，对化肥依赖性的使用也对水源造成了污染。

Uses 70 percent of the world’s freshwater supply and relies on fertilizer practices that pollute our waters.

为了满足未来全球新增十亿人口的粮食需要，农业用地的扩大发展会导致对栖息地更多地破坏，让更多的二氧化碳被释放到空气中，让更多的河流干枯。

As the need to feed a billion more people increases, agricultural expansion could devastate habitats, release even more carbon into the atmosphere, and dry up rivers.

解决这一问题的方式就是，要因地制宜地种植粮食，以减少对水和土地资源的消耗。

How to fix it: Produce food where it's most likely to thrive, which will use less water and less land.

我们采取了哪些行动了呢？我们已经在尝试通过分析卫星图像和潜力产量来选取种植点，用以扩大大豆种植和畜牧业，并同时满足不对自然造成破坏的条件。

How we're taking action right now？We’re analyzing satellite images and local yield potential to pinpoint where soy farming and cattle ranching can expand without destroying nature.

这一方法在巴西塞拉多地区尤为重要，因为在那里一半的自然栖息地已被改造成了农田和牧场。和农民在可持续发展实践上的合作，有助于保护塞拉多地区剩余的热带稀树草原。

This approach is especially vital in Brazil’s Cerrado region, where half of all natural habitat has already been converted to cropland and pasture. Cooperating with farmers on sustainable practices can help save what’s left of the Cerrado’s rich savanna.

向农业和畜牧业的转变是对巴西独特的热带栖息地最大威胁。自然保护协会正积极与全国各地的农民和牧场主合作，以确定他们如何在恢复森林和热带草原野生动物赖以生存的同时，生产更多的粮食。

Conversion to agriculture and cattle ranching is the greatest threat to Brazil's unique tropical habitats. The Nature Conservancy （TNC）is actively working with farmers and ranchers throughout the country to identify how they can produce more while also restoring the forests and savannas wildlife rely on.

No.2

终止过度捕捞

Eliminate Overfishing

过度捕捞和松散的渔业管理不仅威胁到鱼类的生存，同时，因对海洋生态平衡的破坏，还会进而威胁食物网和海洋生态系统。

Overfishing and poor fisheries management is not only devastating to the fish species being pushed to the brink of collapse. It endangers food webs and ocean ecosystems by disrupting the balance of all sea life.

它威胁着数十亿依赖海鲜作为重要生计来源和动物蛋白质摄入来源的人们。如果不作出根本性的改变，在我们有生之年，世界上84%的鱼类种群将处于濒危状态。

And it threatens billions of people who rely on seafood as an important source of livelihood and animal protein. Without serious changes, 84 percent of the world’s fish stocks will be in peril in our lifetime.

如何解决：我们需要改进渔业捕捞方式，只允许捕捞那些数量尚在可承受范围内的鱼类种群，这样，未来我们的海洋才会更加丰富、更加健康。

How to fix it: Refine our fishing methods to only take what the fish populations can tolerate now, so our oceans can be more abundant and healtheir in the future.

我们做了什么呢？帮助渔民们快速、简单、在其可负担的范围内使用大数据，实现可持续捕捞和管理他们的渔获量。

How we’re taking action right now？We’re making it fast, easy and affordable for fishers to use data to manage their catches more sustainably.

比如在印度尼西亚，开创性地使用了FishFace这种“鱼脸”识别软件，这个软件可以帮助渔民识别鱼群的种类，并跟踪记录它们的数量，从而帮助渔民避免对某一种鱼类捕捞太多或捕捞到错误的鱼类。

Like image recognition software, FishFace technology we’re pioneering in Indonesia uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to identify fish species and track their numbers so fishers can avoid catching too many or the wrong kind.

发展中国家重要渔业的最大挑战之一，是缺乏关于捕捞哪些物种和捕捞数量的数据。大自然保护协会正在开拓创新技术和数据工具的先河，这些技术和数据工具有能力帮助恢复鱼类丰富的海洋。

One of the biggest challenges in managing vital fisheries in developing countries is lack of data on which species are being caught and in what quantities. TNC is pioneering innovative technology and data tools that have the power to help bring back oceans teeming with fish.

No.3

增加对清洁能源的用量

Increase Clean Energy

当前，全球面临的最大威胁就是气候变化。为避免最终的灾难性后果，我们必需减少碳排放，使其水平低于或符合《巴黎协定》所指定的标准。

Climate change is the single most serious threat facing our planet today. We must reduce carbon emissions to, or below, levels agreed to in the Paris Climate Agreement to prevent catastrophic harm.

在未来几十年中，全球对能源的需求预计会提升56% ，如果不做出改变，仍坚持以传统的化石燃料为主，是不可能达到减排目标的。

And with global energy demand expected to increase 56 percent over the next couple decades, it will be impossible to meet those emissions targets if we stick primarily with traditional fossil fuels.

我们需要将全球85%的能源供应都转变为非化石燃料，并加大对植树造林等可吸收二氧化碳项目的战略的投资。

Shift 85 percent of the world’s energy supply to non-fossil fuel sources and invest in strategies like reforestation that capture carbon dioxide.

正在支持制定将以前的采矿用地允许被用于开发太阳能、风能的法规。在美国内达华州的大盆地，有数万英亩的退化矿井，可以用于可再生能源的开发。

We’re championing regulations that allow former mining lands to be repurposed for solar and wind energy. Tens of thousands of acres of degraded mine sites in Nevada’s Great Basin are now available for renewable energy development.

通过精准利用这些已经退化的土地，在安装新涡轮机、太阳能电池板等新能源设备的时候就不需要破坏更多的自然栖息地。

By targeting already-disturbed land, new turbines and solar panels won’t need to destroy more natural habitat.

一个公用事业规模的太阳能设施的规模可以和旧金山市中心一样大。为了保护脆弱的沙漠栖息地，我们的目标是通过重新利用已经退化的旧矿区，鼓励开发清洁能源。

经济日报@拯救地球三件事。A single utility-scale solar facility can be as large as downtown San Francisco. To preserve fragile desert habitat, our goal is to encourage the development of clean energy by repurposing already degraded former mine sites.

经济日报@拯救地球三件事。照片由TNC提供。